I am working on a balanced panel with 50 countries observed over 19 years. My main dependent variable is I(1) while my main independent variable is I (0).
Both are indicated in the following output as FDI and I. All control variables are a mixture of I(0) and I(1) and I found evidence of heteroscedasticity, first-degree autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence.
I had initially planned to use a systems GMM estimator, but it assumes that all variables be stationary at levels. In order to deal with the problem of mixed stationarity among variables, I saw this post where Jeff Wooldridge recommended Driscoll-Kraay approach to overcome the challenge while transforming all non-stationary variables by taking their first differences.
I have followed the recommendation but I am not confident of my output since I am neither an advanced user nor have advanced knowledge of econometrics. Here is the advice I need:
1) Can I proceed to present these results? I am a bit hesitant because three-year dummies are dropped from the estimations (I can't explain why) and the coefficients of some year dummies are strongly significant.
2) Would it be acceptable if I proceed with a GMM estimation but difference non-stationary variables to meet the expectations?
Code:
xtscc D.FDI D.L.FDI D.GDP D.TRADE D.AID D.EXR NATR I yr*, fe lag(4)
Code:
Regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors Number of obs = 850 Method: Fixed-effects regression Number of groups = 50 Group variable (i): ID F( 23, 16) = 26.24 maximum lag: 4 Prob > F = 0.0000 within R-squared = 0.0983 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Drisc/Kraay __00000K | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- FDI | LD. | .1090312 .0662507 1.65 0.119 -.0314141 .2494765 | GDP | D1. | .138741 .048443 2.86 0.011 .0360463 .2414356 | TRADE | D1. | .1310995 .0549137 2.39 0.030 .0146876 .2475114 | AID | D1. | .0026035 .0089651 0.29 0.775 -.0164017 .0216087 | EXR | D1. | -.0031345 .0046832 -0.67 0.513 -.0130624 .0067935 | NATR | .0106743 .0047457 2.25 0.039 .0006138 .0207348 I | .0403172 .0088159 4.57 0.000 .0216284 .059006 yr_1 | 0 (omitted) yr_2 | 0 (omitted) yr_3 | .1163223 .0201306 5.78 0.000 .0736473 .1589972 yr_4 | .0697446 .0124469 5.60 0.000 .0433584 .0961308 yr_5 | .0908792 .0127773 7.11 0.000 .0637926 .1179658 yr_6 | -.0163546 .0109941 -1.49 0.156 -.0396611 .0069519 yr_7 | .0911496 .019723 4.62 0.000 .0493386 .1329605 yr_8 | .2674504 .0130407 20.51 0.000 .2398053 .2950956 yr_9 | 0 (omitted) yr_10 | .1628334 .0207781 7.84 0.000 .1187858 .206881 yr_11 | .0933184 .0102961 9.06 0.000 .0714916 .1151453 yr_12 | .1116583 .0118736 9.40 0.000 .0864873 .1368293 yr_13 | .0524463 .011628 4.51 0.000 .027796 .0770966 yr_14 | .0866192 .016139 5.37 0.000 .052406 .1208325 yr_15 | .0087971 .015348 0.57 0.574 -.0237391 .0413334 yr_16 | .0385855 .0230498 1.67 0.114 -.0102777 .0874488 yr_17 | .0549583 .0204628 2.69 0.016 .011579 .0983375 yr_18 | .0504483 .0166365 3.03 0.008 .0151805 .0857162 yr_19 | .0005665 .0153748 0.04 0.971 -.0320266 .0331596 _cons | .0093688 .027222 0.34 0.735 -.0483392 .0670768 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Code:
* Example generated by -dataex-. To install: ssc install dataex clear input double(FDI GDP TRADE AID EXR NATR I) 8.1252975 24.726702 4.1409704 19.113628 4.320946 3.1907837 -1.395516 8.4100485 24.72592 4.0725812 19.108112 4.346594 3.0786939 -1.010776 8.6228029 24.762064 4.1131238 19.041902 4.3780425 3.0803736 -.6260364 8.7314687 24.940803 4.129113 19.292978 4.3489219 3.1500927 -.4944898 8.8645602 25.169731 4.1851091 19.574318 4.2775081 3.2198058 -.1928248 end
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